Morphological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Carum carvi (Caraway) and Bunium persicum (Black Caraway) Seeds: A Review

Abstract

Carum carvi and Bunium persicum belongs to Apiaceae family. Both the species are medicinally important and has been used as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, to treat heart problems, spice, condiments and breath freshener or lotions industries etc. Due to morphological similarities, the adulterations are being observed, so it is essential to understand the morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of both the seeds. The plants look similar with approximately similar flower colour. Most prominent difference is in root structure. The roots of C. carvi are fleshy, fusiform tap while that of B.  persicum is tuberous. C.carvi seeds are larger than that of B. persicum, with comparatively lighter brown colour. The seeds of C. carvi are sickle shaped while the seeds of the B. persicum are cylindrical in shape. Chemical composition of essential oil is approximately similar with variation in the percentage content of various compounds. Both the seeds are used for food preparation with some variation in their utilization due to difference in their aroma.